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Gao Congjie (Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering)
Editor in Chief：Wang Qi
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10 March 2026, Volume 52 Issue 3
  
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  • Advancements in Fluidized Bed Crystallization Technology for Treating Fluoride-Containing Wastewater from Semiconductor Manufacturing
    LIANG Dong, KONG Aihua, WANG Biao, LIU Tao, XING Meiyan
    2026, 52(3): 1-8.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    The production of semiconductor wafers and photovoltaic cells in the electronics industry generates large amounts of fluoride-containing wastewater. Fluidized bed crystallization (FBC) technology offers a sustainable solution for recovering fluoride from wastewater, enabling zero liquid discharge of wastewater. FBC is a continuous-flow solid-liquid separation system based on crystallization principles. By controlling the ion supersaturation in the solution, ion pairs crystallize on the surface of suspended particles, producing recoverable crystalline products. Adhering to the principle of analyzing specific issues on a case-by-case basis, the diverse sources and complex composition of semiconductor wastewater have varying effects on crystallization. Therefore, the properties of various types of wastewater generated during semiconductor production and the role of co-crystallization of impurities have been analyzed. The operational logic of the FBC encompasses fluid dynamics, crystal nucleation, and growth kinetics, the regulation of process parameters is critical to overall efficiency. Promoting FBC technology should focus on strategies that address intricate influent conditions and integrate with other processes to align with the circular economy framework.
  • Research Progress on Biochar-Based Composites for Removing Ciprofloxacin from Aquatic Environments
    ZHAO Da, QI Yuke, ZHENG Dongmei, LOU Wenbo, HUA Wenjing, ZHANG Shuhan
    2026, 52(3): 9-15.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    Efficient removal of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (CIP)-frequently detected in diverse environmental media—has become a critical research focus due to their potential risks to human health and ecosystems. Biochar (BC), a cost-effective and high-performance adsorbent, exhibits broad application potential in antibiotic removal owing to its low cost, excellent adsorption properties, and favorable regeneration capacity. However, the limited adsorption capacity of pristine BC for antibiotics hinders its practical application, necessitating further modification. This study summarizes the preparation techniques of BC and the effects of physical, chemical, and biological modifications on BC's physicochemical properties. Additionally, it discusses in depth the research progress of BC composites in CIP adsorption, including influencing factors, adsorption mechanisms, and limitations of current studies, while analyzing and prospecting future development directions of BC-based adsorption technology. This work aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive and in-depth perspective, thereby facilitating knowledge accumulation and technological innovation in this domain.
  • Research Progress on Treatment Process and Mechanism of Chromium-Containing Wastewater
    SUN Kaipeng, SUN Haofen, ZHANG Mingfang, YANG Chuanxi, ZHAO Weihua, WANG Weiliang
    2026, 52(3): 16-23.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper reviews various effective technologies for treating Cr(VI)-containing wastewater. It was found that common methods—including adsorption, photocatalysis, chemical reduction, ion exchange, membrane separation, and microbial treatment—exhibit unique advantages and disadvantages in Cr(VI) wastewater treatment. Combining these methods can significantly improve treatment performance and demonstrate greater applicability. Among them, the adsorption method has better removal effect, and the technology is simple but easy to be affected by factors such as sewage pH; the photo catalytic method has high efficiency and is not easy to produce secondary pollution, but it needs to add a large number of chemical reagents, the cost is high, and the removal effect is affected by the quenching of free radicals by anions in water. The chemical reduction method is widely used and the technology is mature, but it will produce a large amount of sludge and increase the treatment cost. The ion exchange method and membrane separation method are easy to operate and the process is simple, but the membrane raw materials and ion exchange resins are susceptible to pollution and the cost is high. The biological method has excellent treatment effect, low cost and mature technology, but the number of strains will decrease after the death of microorganisms due to Cr (VI) poisoning, resulting in a decrease in treatment effect. Currently, combined processes integrate the advantages of different methods to achieve efficient and eco-friendly Cr(VI) removal, but relevant research on their practical applications remains limited. By reviewing the principles and application cases of various treatment processes, this paper provides theoretical and practical guidance for treating Cr(VI)-containing heavy metal wastewater in engineering practice.
  • Research Progress of Ultrafiltration Water Purification Process Based on Magnetic Coagulation Pretreatment
    SHEN Xue, LI Yingqiang, HAN Xue, LU Xiangrui, ZHANG Shida, LIU Rupeng
    2026, 52(3): 24-30.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    In recent years, membrane fouling has become the most critical challenge restricting the widespread application of ultrafiltration (UF) technology in water treatment. As a pretreatment unit for ultrafiltration, magnetic coagulation plays a key role in alleviating UF membrane fouling. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this paper explores the mechanisms of UF membrane fouling, analyzes the influencing factors of the integrated magnetic coagulation-ultrafiltration (MC-UF) process, and systematically summarizes recent research progress and future prospects of this combined technology in water treatment. The insights provided herein are intended to offer valuable guidance for the practical engineering application of MC-UF technology.
  • Progress in Research on Novel Functional Materials for Targeted Lithium Adsorption
    LIU Haichen, WU Tianpeng, DU Qingyu, GUO Zhengwei, ZHANG Kai
    2026, 52(3): 31-38.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    Lithium and its compounds are simultaneously crucial for green energy technologies and considered strategic materials. Consequently, the development of selective lithium extraction and resource recovery technologies is vital for mitigating strategic metal resource scarcity and achieving comprehensive environmental pollution management. This review focuses on targeted adsorption technology, systematically examining recent advancements in novel lithium extraction adsorption materials. Specifically, we delve into materials such as metal-organic framework (MOF), three-dimensional lithium-ion sieves, and ion-imprinted polymers, providing in-depth analyses of their structural characteristics, adsorption mechanisms for lithium extraction, and respective advantages and limitations. Addressing the challenges associated with powdered adsorption materials in industrial applications, we discuss critical shaping technologies, including granulation and foam/sponge molding. Furthermore, we analyze the potential application prospects of these adsorption materials, contextualized by examples of lithium extraction projects from salt lakes. Finally, we offer a prospective view on the design direction and future applications of targeted adsorption materials, aiming to provide valuable insights for material design and engineering applications in the efficient utilization of lithium resources from salt lakes.
  • Zirconium Based Manganese Ferrite Catalytic Membrane Activates PDS for Degradation of Levofloxacin in Water
    NIE Fahui, CUI Peitao, WANG Liqing, YANG Yuqing, LIU Zhanmeng
    2026, 52(3): 39-45.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    To address antibiotic pollution caused by LEV in water environments, this study fabricated an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalytic membrane system capable of activating PDS by immobilizing zirconium-based manganese ferrite nanoparticles onto CM via low-temperature coprecipitation combined with pressure filtration. Experimental results demonstrated that under optimal conditions (Fe/Zr molar ratio of 10, initial pH of 8.5, PDS concentration of 1 mmol/L, and catalyst loading of 35 mg), the LEV removal rate reached 91.34% within 80 minutes for an initial concentration of 20 mg/L. Radical quenching and trapping experiments confirmed that sulfate radicals dominated the degradation process, synergizing with hydroxyl and superoxide radicals to achieve efficient LEV mineralization. Metal leaching tests indicated that the immobilization process significantly reduced iron and manganese leaching (<0.01 mg/L). Degradation experiments in the presence of coexisting anions and natural organic matter revealed limited inhibitory effects (final removal >75%), while low concentrations of humic acid (HA) slightly enhanced radical generation. The zirconium-based manganese ferrite catalytic membrane retained over 75% LEV removal after four cycles, demonstrating excellent recycling stability. Finally, the catalytic mechanism was proposed based on XPS characterization results.
  • α-MnO2 Activated PMS System to Further Treat Leachate from Waste Transfer Station
    XIAO Haiwen, XU Guanglin, XU Hai, MENG Lingjian
    2026, 52(3): 46-51.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    It is of great significance to develop leachate treatment technology for economic and safe waste transfer stations to ensure the safety of urban waste collection and transportation. The effect of α-MnO2 activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) on the effluent from the leachate biochemical tank of refuse transfer station, the influencing factors of the reaction and the reusability of the catalyst were discussed. The results show that α-MnO2 can effectively activate the refractory organic matter in the effluent of the leachate biochemical tank of the transfer station, and the concentration of COD effluent meets the national standard for leachate discharge into sewage pipelines (GB/T 31962–2015). α-MnO2 has good recovery and reuse potential, and the cyclic conversion of Mn(III)/Mn(IV) on the surface of α-MnO2 materials is the main reason for the activation of PMS to produce strong oxidizing groups to oxidize refractory organic matter.
  • Mn(II) Oxidation Characteristics of Bacillus Brevis MYH-1 in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
    MIAO Ziyi, ZHANG Hui, LIU Zhuo, WANG Long, FENG Yongjia, JIA Peixin
    2026, 52(3): 52-56.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    "Yellow water" caused by manganese is one of the urgent problems in urban water supply system. The main reason is that when there is insufficient disinfectant at the end of the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), the oxidation of residual Mn(II) by microorganisms (mainly manganese oxidizing bacteria) will produce a large amount of granular Mn(III, IV). In order to explore the migration and transformation mechanism of manganese in the DWDSs under the action of microorganisms, a manganese oxidizing bacteria in the water supply network, Bacillus brevis MYH-1, was used to explore the effects of changes in water quality conditions such as pH, Ca2+ concentration and initial Mn(II) concentration on its manganese oxidation characteristics. The results showed that higher pH and Ca2+ concentrations accelerated the Mn(II) oxidation rate of MYH-1, and the higher the initial Mn(II) concentrations, the slower the Mn(II) oxidation rate was. With the increase of pH, the Mn(II) oxidation ratio gradually increased. When pH=9.00, the maximum Mn(II) oxidation ratio was 98.41%. The initial Mn(II) concentrations were negatively correlated with the Mn(II) oxidation ratio of MYH-1. When the initial Mn(II) concentration was 25.00 mg/L, the maximum Mn(II) oxidation ratio was 90.98%. Compared with no addition of Ca2+, the oxidation ratio of Mn(II) was inhibited when the concentration of Ca2+ was less than 30.00 mg/L, and promoted when the concentration of Ca2+ was higher than 30.00 mg/L. The effects of three factors on Mn(II) oxidation characteristics of this strain were ranked as pH> initial Mn(II) concentration >Ca2+ concentration.
  • Preparation and Photodegradation Performance of TiO2/F-UiO-66 Composite Photocatalysts Derived from UiO-66
    BI Kaicheng, LIU Hongjing, ZHANG Ying, BEI Pengzhi
    2026, 52(3): 57-62.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    Zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (UiO-66) from zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4) and terephthalic acid (H2BDC) was synthesized using a solvothermal method. Composite photocatalysts (TiO2/F-UiO-66) were then prepared by combining UiO-66 with titanium butoxide through reflux and calcination processes. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methyl orange under UV irradiation was evaluated. The morphology and properties of the photocatalyst were characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, and XPS, while UV-Vis and EPR analyses clarified the band structure and photocatalytic mechanism. Results confirmed the successful fabrication of heterojunction-featured TiO2/F-UiO-66 composites. The effects of preparation conditions, including molar ratio (Ti:Zr) and calcination parameters, on photocatalytic performance were investigated. The optimal photocatalyst was obtained at a Ti:Zr molar ratio of 5:1, calcination temperature of 500 ℃, and calcination time of 2 hours, achieving a degradation efficiency of 80%~90%.
  • Study of Surface-Assembled TiO2 Nanowire-Modified Reverse Osmosis Membranes
    ZHAO Lei, QIAN Xijiang, WANG Xiaojuan, GAO Xueli
    2026, 52(3): 63-68.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    Using the hydrothermal synthesis method, TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2NP) were converted into TiO₂ nanowires (TiO2NW), which were then loaded onto the surface of thin-film composite (TFC) membranes via self-assembly to prepare TFC-TiO2NW and TFC-TiO2NP membranes, aiming to enhance the antifouling performance of TFC membranes. The influence of TiO2 morphology on membrane performance was investigated. The results showed that compared to TFC and TFC-TiO2NP membranes, the water flux and salt rejection of TFC-TiO2NW membranes exhibited no significant differences, indicating that the self-assembly of TiO2 on polyamide layers surface did not adversely affect membrane performance. After operating at 2 MPa for 3 hours, the retention rate of TiO2 on the surface of TFC-TiO2NW membranes reached 96%, significantly higher than that of TFC-TiO2NP membranes (only 68%), demonstrating the superior hydraulic impact resistance of TiO2NW. Compared to TFC and TFC-TiO2NP membranes, TFC-TiO2NW membranes exhibited stronger wettability and negative charge properties. In experiments involving bovine serum albumin and humic acid fouling, the flux recovery rates of TFC-TiO2NW membranes were 90.8% and 81.1%, respectively, outperforming TFC and TFC-TiO2NP membranes, indicating that the TFC-TiO2NW membranes possessed excellent antifouling properties.
  • Preparation of Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst and Its Performance in Degradation of Dimethyl Sulfoxide
    LI Renjie, WANG Deju, SUN Xiaoxue, ZHAO Shen, ZUO Yu
    2026, 52(3): 69-74.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    Heterogeneous Fenton catalysts were synthesized via the impregnation method (FeY-Z) and hydrothermal method (FeY-R), respectively. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-containing wastewater was selected as the target system to explore the degradation mechanism of DMSO in the heterogeneous Fenton reaction. The effects of pH, catalyst dosage, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dosage, and H2O2 addition mode on DMSO degradation efficiency were systematically investigated. Experimental results showed that when FeY-Z and FeY-R were used as catalysts, with pH = 3.0, catalyst dosage = 5 g/L, continuous addition of 30% H2O2 at a dosage of 1.25%, the DMSO degradation efficiency reached over 80% and 60%, respectively. It was found that the primary factor influencing DMSO degradation efficiency was the concentration of iron ions leached from the catalysts, and the heterogeneous Fenton catalysts could act as iron ion slow-release agents.
  • Performance of Cantaloupe Peel Biochar in Adsorbing Methylene Blue from Water
    CHEN Jiao, ZHANG Zhipeng, LI Rui, XIONG Ping, LU Yixin
    2026, 52(3): 75-79.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    Waste cantaloupe peel was used as the raw material to prepare biochar (denoted as CPB) via pyrolysis at 700 °C. A modified counterpart (denoted as M-CPB) was further obtained by ultrasonic treatment (200 W, 60 min). The influencing factors, adsorption characteristics, and mechanisms of action of CPB and M-CPB for the adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions were systematically evaluated. Experimental results showed that over 93% MB removal efficiency was achieved at approximately 210 min under the following optimal conditions: influent pH = 11, CPB dosage = 0.4 g/L, and M-CPB dosage = 0.25 g/L. The adsorption behavior of both biochars was better fitted by the Elovich model, pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and Langmuir isotherm model—indicating a chemically dominated, spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy-driven monolayer adsorption process. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of M-CPB for MB ranged from 311.1 to 338.1 mg/g, which was 62.6%~63.9% higher than that of CPB. Ultrasonically modified M-CPB exhibited improved structural properties; the enhanced electrostatic attraction, pore-filling effect, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking interactions during adsorption provided a favorable basis for its superior MB adsorption performance, rendering it a promising adsorbent for aquatic contaminant removal.
  • Effect and Mechanism of Adsorption of Phosphorus by Iron-Modified Biochar
    KOU Wenjing, LI Ang, WU Leixiang, XING Xuan, HAN Shuai, ZHOU Xuan
    2026, 52(3): 80-86.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    Biochar adsorption is an effective approach to addressing excessive phosphate concentrations in water. Metal modification enhances the phosphate adsorption capacity of biochar. In this study, iron was loaded onto biochar surfaces for modification. Results showed that when biochar and 0.05 mol/L iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) solution were mixed at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 (mass/volume), the modified biochar exhibited the optimal phosphate removal efficiency in aqueous solutions, with an adsorption capacity 1.6-fold higher than that of unmodified biochar. At a modified biochar dosage of 1.0 g and solution pH of 3.0~11.0, the adsorption removal rate of phosphate (initial concentration: 15 mg/L, solution volume: 150 mL) reached 96.51%. SEM, BET, FTIR, XRD, and XPS were used to systematically characterize the biochar's surface morphology, pore size distribution, surface functional groups, crystal structure of loaded metals, and changes in functional groups before and after adsorption. Results indicated that the modified biochar was a composite material with both micropores and mesopores, and iron on its surface primarily existed as iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) and iron (II,III) oxide (Fe3O4). Tests on the effects of different operating conditions revealed that solution pH had little impact on phosphate removal, with the removal rate remaining above 75% across the pH range of 3~11. In contrast, coexisting anions significantly affected phosphate removal, with the phosphate removal rate decreasing as anion concentration increased. The phosphate adsorption kinetics and isotherms of the modified biochar were determined; phosphate adsorption by the modified biochar was better fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model. This indicates that iron-modified biochar adsorbs phosphate via a multi-layer adsorption process dominated by both chemical and physical adsorption. The results indicate that iron-modified biochar has good potential for removing phosphates from water, providing theoretical support for the recycling and resource utilization of agricultural waste.
  • Biochar Based Immobilized Microbial Agents for the Removal of Nitrate and Tetracycline
    LIU Zhijun, WANG Xiangcheng, XUE Jiangpeng, WEI Lianghuan, XU Wenjie
    2026, 52(3): 87-92.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    In response to the nitrogen and antibiotic pollution in aquaculture water, wheat straw is used as raw material to prepare biochar based carriers, and the highly efficient nitrogen and tetracycline (TC) degrading strain W3 is isolated as the immobilized strain. The biochar based immobilized bacterial agent is prepared by adsorption method. The optimal preparation conditions for the biochar based immobilized bacterial agent are investigated (biochar dosages, inoculation amounts, and immobilization times). The results showed that the biochar based carrier have a mesoporous structure and abundant functional groups such as –COOH, –OH, –C=C-OH, etc., which have good affinity for microbial cell membranes and are conducive to the adhesion and proliferation of microbial cells. Strain W3 has been identified as Paracoccus denitrificans, which has a good degradation effect on nitrogen and TC under low dissolved oxygen conditions. When the dosage of biochar is 4 mg/mL, the inoculation amount of microbial agent is 40%, and the immobilization time is 12 h, the immobilized microbial agent prepared has the best degradation effect on nitrate (NO3--N), nitrite (NO2--N), and TC. After 24 h, the degradation rates of NO3--N and TC are 99.66% and 90.50%, respectively. The preparation of biochar based immobilized microbial agents is beneficial for the resource utilization of straw and provides bioremediation materials for solving nitrogen and TC pollution problems in aquaculture water.
  • The Preparation of S-Type g-C3N4-Bi2WO6 Heterojunction Photocatalyst and Degrade Methylene Blue
    ZHAO Limin, ZHANG Baofeng, JIN Ruifa, WANG Limin
    2026, 52(3): 93-100.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    In this study, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared via direct calcination of melamine powder in air, while bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) was synthesized using the conventional hydrothermal method. Furthermore, a g-C3N4-Bi2WO6 composite photocatalyst was rapidly fabricated via ultrasonic dispersion combined with a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, and this composite was employed for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. Additionally, the effects of the g-C3N4-Bi2WO6 molar ratio, reaction solution pH, microwave reaction time, and photocatalyst recycling cycles on the photocatalytic activity of the composite were systematically investigated. Results indicated that the as-prepared S-type g-C3N4-Bi2WO6 heterojunction photocatalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and stability, demonstrating potential as an efficient photocatalyst for MB degradation in dye-contaminated wastewater.
  • Study on the Adsorption Performance of Sunflower Flower Disk Biochar for Methylene Blue
    DU Shengli, ZHANG Sihan, ZHANG Yanlin, ZHANG Zhiyi, XU Kaihua, LI Dan
    2026, 52(3): 101-106.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    Biochar was synthesized using sunflower receptacle (SR) as the precursor, with pyrolysis temperatures varied to evaluate its adsorption efficacy for methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions. This study systematically assessed the effects of biochar dosage, solution pH, and adsorption time on MB removal efficiency. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized biochar were characterized via particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that increasing pyrolysis temperature disrupted π-π interactions in SR, reducing the biochar's particle size. Notably, biochar synthesized at 300°C displayed enhanced MB adsorption capacity. The adsorption mechanism was further elucidated via kinetic and isotherm models, combined with XRD and SEM characterizations. MB adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo-first-order model, indicating monolayer adsorption dominated by film diffusion. After pyrolysis, the biochar surface featured graphite-like layered structures and spherical inorganic components. Isotherm model fitting indicated the biochar had a highly heterogeneous surface morphology, which is favorable for adsorption. This study concluded that MB adsorption performance was primarily governed by π-π interactions and electrostatic forces, where higher cation concentrations in the solution negatively impacted adsorption capacity.
  • Effects of Osmotic Flux on Treatment Performance and Membrane Fouling of Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor
    LIANG Zihao, WU Shan, YAO Jingmei, YANG Chun, ZHOU Zhongbo, HAN Le
    2026, 52(3): 107-112.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    A dynamic membrane bioreactor was constructed using 25 μm pore diameter nylon mesh as the coarse pore material to treat simulated domestic sewage. The critical flux of the dynamic membrane was determined by the standard flux-step method, and three permeation flux levels (subcritical, critical, and supercritical flux) were designed to study their effects on the removal of contaminants and membrane fouling in the dynamic membrane. The results show that the critical flux of the dynamic membrane is between 60-70 L/(m2⸱h), and adjusting the permeation flux has no significant effect on the removal of pollutants (the removal rates of COD and total nitrogen are both over 90 %); increasing the permeation flux leads to an increase in cleaning frequency, which may result in a decrease in the quality of the effluent in the long-term filtration process. Biological activity analysis found that subcritical flux may increase the nitrification and denitrification rates of the dynamic membrane. Further analysis of the content of extracellular polymers revealed that the polysaccharide content in the dynamic membrane filter cake layer was higher under subcritical flux, significantly increasing the resistance of the filter cake layer and reducing the cleaning frequency to a minimum. In the dynamic membrane filter cake layer under supercritical flux, the ratio of proteins and polysaccharides in soluble microbial products (SMP) and loosely bound extracellular polymers (LB-EPS) was high, which may cause rapid contamination of the dynamic membrane. Reactor conditions designed based on subcritical flux can help optimize the system's operation.
  • Study on the Purification Effect and Phosphorus Adsorption Characteristics of Construction Waste Recycled Aggregate Used as Filler in Artificial Wetlands
    LIU Shuangfei, WU Lei, LIAO Xinyu, LI Yi, YANG Weigui, YANG Xiaolong
    2026, 52(3): 113-119.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    The "anoxic tank + drip filter + artificial wetland" biological ecological treatment process has been widely adopted in Jiangsu Province due to its high treatment efficiency and low operating costs. This process has been in use for over 10 years, during which a large number of artificial wetlands using traditional ceramic granules as fillers have needed to be replaced. Due to the economic downturn, recycled construction waste aggregates (aerated concrete blocks and recycled brick aggregates), which cost only about one-tenth of traditional fillers, have become a preferred alternative for research. In this context, three types of horizontal submerged artificial wetlands-using ceramic granules, cobbles, and recycled construction waste aggregates—were constructed to conduct parallel experiments using effluent from the drip filter pond in the combined treatment process. The results indicate that the artificial wetland with recycled construction waste aggregates as filler exhibits higher removal rates of NH3-N, TN, and TP. The effluent quality can meet the Class A standards in the Emission Standards for Water Pollutants in Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment Facilities (DB 32/3462–2020), making it a viable replacement for ceramic granules and cobbles, while improving operational efficiency and contributing to cost-effective maintenance. Further characterization and adsorption isotherm experiments on aerated concrete blocks and recycled brick aggregates revealed that the materials contain metal oxides such as CaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and MgO, which facilitate phosphorus removal. The adsorption of PO43--P by the aerated concrete blocks and recycled brick aggregates followed the quasi-two-stage and quasi-first-stage kinetic models, with maximum adsorption capacities of 2.916 7 and 0.695 2 mg/g, respectively.
  • Waste for Waste Treatment: Reusing Sloughed Biomass to Promote Nitrogen Removal in Activated Sludge
    GENG Guanglei, CHEN Xiaolei, YAN Dengke, TIAN Minhui, LI Haisong
    2026, 52(3): 120-125.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    The sloughed biomass from a deep denitrification reactor of a coal - chemical wastewater treatment plant was used to enhance denitrification in activated sludge, and the enhancement mechanism was revealed. The results showed that the optimal denitrification conditions for the sloughed biomass were as follows: the carbon source was methanol, the carbon - to - nitrogen ratio (C/N) was 5, and the temperature was 30 °C. When the ratio of the mixed - liquor volatile suspended solids concentration (MLVSS) of the sloughed biomass to that of the activated sludge was 45%, the denitrification load of the sludge increased from 0.02 kgNO3--N/(kgVSS·d) to 0.23 kgNO3--N/(kgVSS·d), which was slightly higher than the value recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The long - term operation results of the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) indicated that the volume load of the enhanced reactor was higher than that of the control reactor within 35 days. Compared with the control group, the addition of the sloughed biomass shortened the start - up time of the reactor, increased the abundance of denitrifying bacteria in the sludge, increased the abundance of functional genes related to denitrification, and enhanced the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NIR) in the sludge. Reusing the sloughed biomass from the deep denitrification reactor provides a reference for its practical application in enhancing nitrogen removal from wastewater.
  • Effects of Bezafibrate on Biological Nitrogen Removal Performance in Wastewater Treatment Systems
    YAN Shenghui, ZUO Lei, LI Jinglu, SUN Suyan
    2026, 52(3): 126-132.
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    This study established lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) to systematically evaluate the effects of different BZF concentrations on nitrogen removal efficiency at an ambient temperature of 25~30 ℃. Results showed that low-concentration BZF (0.2 mg/L) enhanced the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and inorganic nitrogenous salts while reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Conversely, BZF concentrations exceeding 1.0 mg/L exerted negative effects on reactor performance and significantly increased N2O emissions. At a BZF concentration of 5.0 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of COD, total nitrogen (TN), and phosphate dropped to 75.8%~81.3%, 61.6%, and 70.9%, respectively. Low-concentration BZF (0.2 mg/L) improved sludge concentration and settleability but reduced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content. In contrast, BZF concentrations ≥1.0 mg/L decreased sludge concentration and increased the sludge volume index (SVI) and EPS content. High BZF concentrations also suppressed microbial metabolic activity by reducing the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and promoting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release—thereby impairing wastewater treatment efficiency. These findings enhance the understanding of BZF's behavior in biological wastewater treatment systems and provide a theoretical basis for precise BZF control in practical engineering applications.
  • Comparison of the Differences and Influencing Factors of CPAM and PACl Flocculation in Removing Algae
    SONG Kezheng, WANG Zhenhua, CAI Qijia, LONG Meng, HU Yanping, CAO Xiaohuan
    2026, 52(3): 133-138.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    Polyacrylamide (CPAM) and Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) are both effective in algal removal via flocculation, but their flocculation mechanisms differ significantly. To compare the differences between the two flocculants in algal removal, this study selected three algal species: Microcystis aeruginosa, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, and Chlorella sp., each at a concentration of 0.2 g/L. CPAM dosages of 3, 6, 10, 13, 16, and 20 mg/L or PACl dosages of 30, 60, 100, 130, 160, and 200 mg/L were added to each algal sample. Variables including flocculant type, flocculant concentration, algal species, and flocculation time were evaluated, and the flocculation results were statistically analyzed. Results showed that the maximum removal rate of each algal species using either CPAM or PACl exceeded 90%, with PACl dosage being approximately 10 times that of CPAM. Compared with single flocculants, Microcystis aeruginosa was more effectively removed by the PACl+CPAM mixture, with optimal flocculation efficiency achieved at 50 mg/L PACl + 8 mg/L CPAM. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was more effectively removed by PACl, with dosages exceeding 60 mg/L yielding better flocculation performance. Chlorella sp. responded better to high-concentration flocculants, with the highest removal rate observed at 13 mg/L CPAM or 160 mg/L PACl. Compared with single PACl application, mixed flocculation significantly increased the removal rate of the three algal species. Thus, adding CPAM to PACl can effectively enhance algal cell removal efficiency.
  • Study on the High Efficiency of Continuous Flow Aerobic Granular Sludge on Printing and Dyeing Wastewater
    LI Tengkai, QIN Qingdong, LI Jian
    2026, 52(3): 139-145.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    A novel granule-floc sludge elutriator was designed and constructed, utilizing selective pressure derived from settling velocity to separate light and heavy sludge. With actual dyeing wastewater as the treatment target, this system successfully achieved continuous-flow aerobic sludge granulation with efficient pollutant removal, thereby effectively enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency. Experimental results indicated that after 190 days of operation, the proportion of aerobic granular sludge with a particle size >200 μm reached 72.7%, and the 30-minute sludge volume index (SVI30) decreased from 160 mL/g to 49.81 mL/g—68.89% lower than the original sludge from the dyeing plant. Effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was 95~120 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen was 0.3~0.8 mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) was 7.5~11 mg/L, and chromaticity was 20~30-fold, indicating enhanced treatment performance. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was shortened from 36 h to 24 h, with the daily treatment capacity increasing by 50% and treatment efficiency improving. Meanwhile, the granular sludge exhibited good self-healing capacity and shock load resistance. Microbial sequencing analysis revealed that NS9_marine_group, Thauera, and Hyphomonas—enriched within the aerobic granular sludge—contributed significantly to the removal of COD, color, and nitrogen in dyeing wastewater.
  • Study on Filtration Efficiency in Air Flotation-Ceramic Membrane Ultrafiltration for Tap Water Plant Wastewater
    SONG Xiaofei, CHEN Xiaohuan, LIU Mingyan, TU Qianqian, SHEN Pengfei
    2026, 52(3): 146-151.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    This study utilized flat-sheet ceramic ultrafiltration membranes in combination with air flotation-submerged ultrafiltration process and coagulation pretreatment to deeply treat production wastewater from a large water treatment plant in Wuhan. By adjusting the water production flux of the ceramic membrane and the dosage of polyaluminum chloride (PAC), the study investigated the effects of these factors on membrane filtration resistance, filtration efficiency, and turbidity removal rate. The results showed that when the water production flux reached 80 LMH, the best turbidity removal was achieved, and both the membrane fouling resistance and energy efficiency ratio (EER) were low, indicating high filtration efficiency and stable system operation. When the flux increased to 110 LMH, the membrane fouling resistance significantly increased, and the EER was about 51.6 times higher than at lower fluxes, leading the system into a state of high energy consumption and low efficiency. In the coagulation pretreatment, the addition of PAC significantly reduced the membrane filtration resistance, especially when the PAC dosage reached 30 mg/L, both the membrane filtration resistance and filtration efficiency ratio decreased by more than 60%. Research on chemical cleaning found that alkaline washing was more effective than acid washing in removing contaminants from the membrane surface and restoring filtration efficiency. These findings provide valuable practical guidance for the application of air flotation-submerged ceramic membrane ultrafiltration technology in the treatment of wastewater in water treatment plants.
  • Analysis on the Causes of Fouling in the UF/RO Dual-Membrane Treatment System in Reclaimed Water Reuse
    ZHOU Yangyang, GE Sujuan, JIANG Wan, GUO Lei, CHENG Zhigang, ZHOU Shufeng
    2026, 52(3): 152-156.
    Abstract | Download PDF ( ) Cite this Article   Knowledge map   Save
    To address frequent membrane fouling and reduced water production in the ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis (UF/RO) dual-membrane treatment system of a reclaimed water plant, this study analyzed the influent water quality, security filter cartridges, and RO membrane elements. The influent to the rapid filtration tank is compliant tailwater from the sewage treatment plant, with floating foam primarily consisting of organic pollutants. The effluent quality from the rapid filtration tank is suboptimal, as turbidity, iron, and aluminum concentrations exceed the safe threshold values for the dual-membrane system influent. High hardness also indicates a scaling tendency. Security filter cartridges exhibit black and yellow viscous pollutants with uneven distribution; organic pollutants are primarily humic acid-like substances. The eluent has a high aluminum ion concentration, posing risks of scaling and microbial contamination. Sticky substances and solid particles adhere to the inlet end of RO membrane elements. These particles derive from residual infrastructure impurities in pipelines during system startup, reducing water production and potentially scratching the membrane surface. This study proposes targeted operational optimization measures based on the fouling causes, offering solutions for similar fouling issues in other systems.
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