10 June 2023, Volume 49 Issue 6
    

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  • Research Progress on Preparation of Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Composites and its Application in Wastewater Treatment
    LI Yafeng, HOU Ruibo
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 1-7.
    Abstract | Download PDF URL | Cite this Article Knowledge map Save
    Adsorption process is widely used to treat heavy metal wastewater, dyeing wastewater and other refractory biodegradable wastewater because of its simple, efficient and green economy. In recent ten years, the development of new green adsorbents has gradually become a research hotspot. Chitosan (CS)/graphene oxide (GO) composites have the advantages of large specific surface area, large number of functional groups and rich variety, and are a new biodegradable adsorbent. A large number of studies have shown that by introducing other functional groups or nanoparticles to modify chitosan/graphene oxide composites, various properties of the composites can be further improved. The preparation methods and further modification methods of chitosan/graphene oxide with different morphologies were systematically combed, and the recent research situation of chitosan/graphene oxide in wastewater treatment was summarized.
  • Current Status and Outlook of Thallium-Containing Wastewater Treatment by Adsorption Methods
    WANG Huabin, DUAN Ran, WU Yi, LIU Ying, XU Rui
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 8-14.
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    In recent years, due to the rapid development of industry in China, mineral resources have been fully exploited, leading to serious heavy metals pollution. Thallium (Tl), as a heavy metal pollutant, has received less attention compared with other contaminants (Hg, Cd, Pb, Ag, Cu, etc.). Recently, Tl pollution has been reported in many places, and the frequent occurrence of these issues poses tremendous threats to human beings and a detrimental impact on the surroundings. Hence, it was urgently demanded to research the effective and feasible treatment technologies for Tl elimination from wastewater. Compared with various approaches, the adsorption method exhibited advantages in TI removal with low cost, high efficiency, easy operation, and neglectable secondary pollution. In this work, a brief understanding of the sources, toxicity, and accumulation of Tl in the food chain was demonstrated. Then the research progress of Tl-containing wastewater decontamination by adsorption methods was concluded. The effects of pH, initial concentration, temperature, and co-pollutants on the Tl removal were briefly analyzed, and the main removal mechanisms were discussed. Finally, the outlook and perspective on the thallium removal by adsorbent materials were given.
  • Research Progress on Removal of Metal Complexes from Water by Fenton-like Reaction
    YANG Xiaoxia, ZHU Ying, CAO Yingnan, LIU Jianguo, CUI Jinhu
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 15-20.
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    Metal complex pollutants are ubiquitous with stable structures in various water bodies, potentially harming human health. The Fenton-like reaction has the advantages of high efficiency and fast reaction rate in removing metal complexes. With the aim of developing methodological options and mechanistic analyses for the treatment of complex metals in water bodies, the research on the removal of metal complexes by Fenton-like reaction was reviewed. The removal mechanisms and influential factors of photo-Fenton, electro-Fenton, microwave-Fenton, ultrasound-Fenton, and synergistic Fenton technology were described in detail. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the above-mentioned methods were compared, and the future development and application prospects of metal complex removal were prospected.
  • Recent Advances in Electro-oxidation of Ammonia Technology for Ammonia-Containing Wastewater Treatment
    WANG Haiman, YUAN Yiqing, WANG Guiqiang
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 21-26.
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    As an environmentally friendly treatment process, ammonia electro-oxidation showed a stable and effective ammonia removal effect in treating ammonia-containing wastewater, such as landfill leachate. Furthermore, this process can produce clean energy without releasing greenhouse gas. However, problems related to the electrode, such as high cost and poor stability, limit the large-scale application of the electro-oxidation of ammonia technology. To provide some references for the industrial application of this technology, the mechanism of ammonia electro-oxidation, preparation of catalytic electrodes, and the treatment of some ammonia-containing wastewater were summarized in this paper. The technology was compared with other ammonia treatment processes in terms of technology and economy.
  • Research Progress in Composite Nanofiltration Membrane Modification based on IP Technology
    DING Keren, ZHAO Lihong, GUO Jiayi, TANG Chuanyu, YANG Chun
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 27-32.
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    The optimization and research of water treatment processes were very important to pursue sustainable development and relieving the pressure of water shortage. Nanofiltration membrane technology has the advantages of high operational efficiency, energy saving, compact equipment, easy operation, no secondary pollution, and high automation compared with the traditional water treatment process. Nanofiltration membrane technology has a wide range of applications in the field of membrane separation due to its advantages and unique separation performance. In the synthesis of composite nanofiltration membranes, interfacial polymerization (IP) has become the most common technique for preparing composite nanofiltration membranes due to the characteristics of simple operation, high efficiency, and stable formation. But the IP reaction is extremely fast. Regulating the reaction process and improving the permselectivity of nanofiltration membranes were still great challenges. Based on the IP reaction, this paper reviewed the research progress in the modified composite nanofiltration membranes from three aspects: membrane modification, two-phase monomer modification, and additive modification. Then the optimization of IP technology in the future has been prospected.
  • Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole in Water by Ferrous Iron-Activated Peracetic Acid: Dosing strategy and Reaction Mechanism
    MO Yaojun, SUI Minghao
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 33-38.
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    As the traditional process was difficult to effectively remove the refractory antibiotic pollutants in water, ferrous ion (Fe2+) activated peracetic acid (PAA) was applied to oxidize and degrade the typical antibiotic substance sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in the water. The effects of PAA and Fe2+ dosing amounts and different reagent dosing strategies on PAA activation and SMX degradation processes were investigated, and the dominant active species involved in the reaction system were identified. It was found that appropriate increase of PAA and Fe2+ concentrations improved SMX degradation efficiency, but excessive addition inhibited the degradation. The degradation efficiency of SMX was significantly improved when changing from direct dosing to sequential dosing (dosing that same total amount but divided over specific time intervals) and continuous dosing (dosing the same total amount but continuously during the reaction time). Monitoring the concentration of Fe2+ and PAA in the system revealed that both sequential and continuous dosing methods promoted the activation of PAA. The results of radical quenching experiments indicated that hydroxyl radicals (HO·), organic radicals and FeIVO2+ may all be involved in the degradation of SMX. The contribution of HO· to the degradation of SMX was greater for continuous PAA dosing than for direct dosing and continuous Fe2+ dosing.
  • Operation and Related Evaluation based on a Channel Wetland Ecosystem Simulator
    LIU Lifang, CHU Leizhe, LIN Zihou, SHI Qi, SHEN Wei, QI Weikang
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 39-43.
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    With the rapid development of shipping in China, the problem of channel water environment pollution has come up. Wetland ecosystem consists of substrate, microorganisms, and wetland plants together. In the channel waters, the stability of wetland ecosystem is significant. In this study, we investigated the removal of pollutants and the mechanism by simulating the channel wetland system. It is found that the wetland system has certain degradation ability for organic matter and nitrogen. When the pollutants in the wastewater are within a certain range, the wetland system can remove the pollutants through its own purification ability, and some of the pollutants can also provide nutrients for the wetland ecosystem and promote the growth of aquatic plants and microorganisms in the substrate. But when there are more pollutants, it will affect the stability of the ecosystem, and in serious condition, it may lead to the destruction of the ecosystem. Therefore, we should try to ensure that the discharge of pollutants in the waterway waters is within a certain range and strengthen the control measures of pollutants.
  • Study on Advanced Treatment of Polyurethane Wastewater System Process
    LI Hongqiang, WU Yaqin, ZHOU Qiaolin, XUE Fei, HU Jiao, ZHU Haitao
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 44-46.
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    Polyurethane wastewater was deep treated by the system containing a suspended packing biochemical tank, a three-dimensional electrooxidation device, and a packing adsorption tower. The microbial flora in the suspended packing biochemical tank with hydrophilic fillers included proteobacteria, bacteroidetes, blastomonas, and acidobacteria. The modified stainless steel electrode with an oxygen evolution potential of 1.35 V vs Ag/AgCl was installed at the upper part of the three-dimensional electrooxidation device. The modified active coke filler with a specific surface area of 345~411 m2/g was installed at the lower part. The packing adsorption tower loaded the modified diatomite filler with a specific surface area of 358~405 m2/kg. After the advanced treatment by this system, the contents of COD, formaldehyde, and acetone in the polyurethane wastewater were relatively reduced by 99.3%, 99.95% and 99.89%.
  • Synthesis and Enrichment Properties of Magnetic Covalent Organic Framework Materials in Pyrazosulfuron
    LU Sufen, YAO Shengxun, WU Liping, OU Xiaoyu, LU Junyu
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 47-51.
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    The pyrazosulfuron of Sulfonylurea herbicides in industrial landfill leachate was enriched by magnetic solid phase extraction method. In this paper, a magnetic covalent organic framework material (Fe3O4@TpBD) nanoparticle was prepared by hydrothermal method and applied to study the enrichment properties of pyrasulfuron in sulfonylurea herbicides. Their morphologies were characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the enrichment properties of Fe3O4@TpBD nanoparticles were studied using pyrisulfuron as the model material via high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that Fe3O4@TpBD nanoparticles were successfully prepared in the experiment. Under the condition of pH=3 acetonitrile as the eluent, acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase, and gradient elution was used to explore its good enrichment effect on pyrasulfuron.
  • Study on Adsorption of Ethyl Xanthate by Activated Carbon
    CAO Junya, ZHANG Wenxi, ZHANG Jing, LIU Meng
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 52-58.
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    Ethyl xanthate is a commonly used collector for the flotation of non-ferrous metals. The adsorption method was often used to treat the residual ethyl xanthate in mineral processing wastewater in the industry. In this paper, the adsorption characteristics of commercially available AC (activated carbon) were used as adsorbents to study the adsorption characteristics of ethyl xanthate. It was characterized by elemental analysis, SEM, FT-IR, BET, zero charge point determination, and other methods. The results showed that the specific surface area of AC was 1 856.85 m2/g, and the average pore diameter was 3.38 nm. Univariate experiments found that the AC dosage was 0.1 g, and the removal rate of 1 hour was 97.21% for 100 mL of xanthate with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L. The equilibrium and kinetic data were best modeled by the Freundlich isotherm and the quasi-secondary kinetics model, respectively. After recycling 4 times, the removal rate of xanthate still reached 82.82%, and the regeneration performance was satisfactory.
  • Purification Efficiency and Recovery Potential of Magnetic Biochar in Black and Odorous Water
    LONG Yujin, ZHOU Yuan, FENG Li, LIU Yongze, DU Ziwen, ZHANG Liqiu
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 59-64.
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    To improve the adsorption performance of biochar on water pollutants and its purification efficiency for black and odorous water, this study prepared magnetic rice straw biochar (MRSB) by negative magnetic modification of rice straw biochar (RSB). The adsorption and removal effects of MRSB on pollutants such as COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and metal ions in black and odorous water were investigated, and the recycling potential of MRSB was further analyzed. The results showed that compared with RSB, MRSB had a more well-developed surface pore structure, and contained more various oxygen-containing functional groups such as Fe-O, -OH, and -C-O. The MRSB had good magnetic separation ability owing to Fe3O4 magnetic materials. The adsorption capacity of MRSB was higher than that of RSB. The removal rates of TP, COD, Fe2+, Cr3+, and Mn2+ after MRSB addition increased by 12.38%, 2.68%, 54.57%, 12.55%, 10.99%, and 8.82%, respectively. When pH was 7.0, the temperature was 20 oC, and the MRSB dosage was 1.0~1.5 g/L, the unit adsorption capacity of COD, ammonia nitrogen and TP in the black and odorous water increased by 22.65%, 19.44%, and 87.62%, respectively, compared with RSB. Adsorptions of COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and metal ions by MRSB fitted better with pseudo-second-order kinetics, which was more consistent with Langmuir isothermal adsorption model (R12 > R22). Therefore, it was suggested that the optimal dosage of MRSB should be about 1.0~1.5 g/L, considering the utilization of MRSB and the pollutants removal. The MRSB can be recovered and reused by magnetic force, and the magnetic recovery rate can reach 90%, which provides a reference for the practical application of biochar in the emergency treatment of black and odorous water.
  • Study on the Adsorption Performance of Modified Activated Carbon Filter for Arsenic Removal in Drinking Water
    WEI Zhigang, JIAN Huixia, ZHANG Li, LIU Yue, ZHOU Zhixin, FENG Yijing
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 65-67.
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    In this paper, the adsorption capacity of a modified activated carbon filter for arsenic in drinking water was investigated. The TiO2 sol was prepared by the sol-gel method and loaded on activated carbon powder. The activated carbon powder was mixed with polyethylene, then pressed and sintered to prepare the filter, and its adsorption performance on arsenic in drinking water was tested. The effects of inlet flow rate, initial arsenic concentration, and pH values were tested using the dynamic adsorption method. The results showed that when the flow rate increased from 6 to 30 L/h, the removal of arsenite decreased from 95.8% to 80.1%, and the removal of arsenate decreased from 96.3% to 77.6%. When the initial arsenic concentration raised from 200 to 350 μg/L, arsenite removal decreased from 89.2% to 78.9%, and arsenate removal decreased from 90.5% to 89.3%. The best adsorptions for arsenite and arsenate were at pH=9 and 4, respectively. In addition, the Thomas model could fit well with the dynamic adsorption behavior of a modified activated carbon filter for arsenic. Compared with the unmodified filter, the adsorption ability of the modified activated carbon filter was significantly improved. When the flow rate was 6 L/h and the initial concentration was 200 μg/L, the outlet concentrations of arsenic were lower than 10 μg/L, which was the national drinking water standard.
  • Preparation of ZnS-loaded Carboxy-Rich PVDF Composite Membranes and Emulsion Separation and Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
    SHI Minghui, LI Chengcai, XU Yihui, GAO Dali, JIANG Chao, ZHANG Shijun
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 68-72.
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    Oily wastewater containing a large number of organic dyes is increasingly polluting the environment. Super-wetting materials have special wetting properties and are widely used in membrane separation technology, and their excellent emulsion separation properties are related to specific surface morphology. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride/ethylene-co-maleic anhydride copolymer (PVDF/PEMA) membrane was prepared by solution conversion method, followed by acid-base treatment to prepare a carboxyl ion-rich PVDF composite membrane, and finally ZnS micro and nanoparticles were deposited in situ on the surface of the membrane. The prepared composite membrane exhibits super-oilhobicity in water, and the separation efficiency of the oil-in-water emulsion containing vegetable oil reaches more than 97%. In addition, the membrane is self-cleaning and resistant to contamination. The degradation efficiency of methylene blue is as high as 98%, and the membrane has excellent reusability on the surface of the adsorption-degradation experiment after repeating 5 times. Therefore, the membrane has potential application prospects in emulsion separation and dye degradation.
  • Research on Treatment Method and Effect of Cephalosporin Intermediate Production Wastewater
    SONG Shaohua, LIU Yongjun, LI Shan, LIU Xingshe, LIU Pan, ZHANG Aining
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 73-78.
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    According to the characteristics of strong toxicity, high pollutant concentration, and complex components of cephalosporin intermediate production wastewater, the wastewater from a cephalosporin intermediate production company was treated by the materialization and advanced oxidation combined process. The removal effects of different treatment methods on SO42-, COD, TN, and TP in wastewater were studied. The results showed that under the reaction conditions of pH=12.5, AlCl3 dosage of 1.6 g, stirring speed of 300 r/min, and reaction time of 30 min, the removal rate of SO42- could reach more than 99.5%. At the same time, coagulation and O3/H2O2 catalytic oxidation were used. Under the optimum conditions, the concentration of COD decreased from 28 260 to 515 mg/L, the concentration of TN decreased from 3 437.62 to 99.64 mg/L, and the concentration of TP decreased from 12.93 to 0.10 mg/L, the removal rates of the three contaminants were higher than 70%, 57%, and 66% respectively. Moreover, the changes of different organic pollutants were analyzed by UV-Vis and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. The wastewater mainly contains conjugated double bonds and aromatic compounds. After treatment, the organic compounds were transformed into simple structures. The content was significantly reduced and further improved the biodegradability of the wastewater.
  • Aluminum Salt Coagulant Improves Granular of Anammox Sludge
    DIAO Siyuan, GONG Hui, KUANG Qian, LU Bo, TAO Bensen, DAI Xiaohu
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 79-83.
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    The influence of different concentrations of aluminum salt coagulant (polymeric aluminum chloride) on the granulation of anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge was examined. The long-term operation experiments were carried out in a sequencing batch reactor using sieved anaerobic ammonia-oxidized sludge with a particle size of less than 0.425 mm as seed sludge. The long-term operation experiments were carried out at 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, and 8 mg/L aluminum salt doses, respectively, which analyzed the settling performance, denitrification performance, and microbial community characteristics during anaerobic ammonia utilization. Simultaneously, molecular biology was employed to demonstrate the structural changes in the sludge microbial population during the granulation process and their influence on denitrification. The findings of the experiment revealed that after 110 days of enrichment culture. Aluminum salt coagulant dosage increased the particle size of anaerobic ammonia oxidized sludge. Adding aluminum coagulant raised the average particle size of anaerobic ammonia sludge by 209.8 μm compared to the control group, which decreased the sludge settling ratio and sludge volume index. After adding aluminum salts, the relative abundance of the Bacteroidota grew by 7.8%, whereas the relative abundance of the Planctomycetota declined by 9.8%. Among these, the relative abundance of the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing dominating genus Candidatus Kuenenia was reduced by 8.9%, although this genus did not affect the system's denitrification activity. The ultimate volumetric denitrification load of the two reactor groups did not differ considerably and remained steady at around 0.6 kgN/(m3·d). The impact of improved anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge granulation employing aluminum salt coagulant was originally examined in this work.
  • Study on Electrochemical Performance and Working Parameters of Two Electrolytic Cells and Comparison of Their Disinfection Performance
    TIE Zihan, YANG Jinxing, QI Lihong, ZUO Guomin, ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Jianhong
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 84-87.
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    In this paper, the intermittent electrolytic cell was used as the experimental device, and the single-factor experimental method was used to optimize the anode plate material, the electrochemical performance, and the preparation conditions of the detection device. On this basis, the continuous electrolysis device was designed, the applied voltage I s determined according to the Nernst formula, and its working parameters were explored. The phenol was used as the object, the oxidation properties of disinfectant, intermittent electrolytic cell, and continuous electrolytic cell were compared.
  • Degradation of Organic Compounds from Water by TiO2/AC in Adsorption-LED UV Photocatalytic Coupling Reactor
    ZENG Yaxiong, PAN Jian, ZHENG Nan, LIU Zhangsheng, WANG Min
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 88-93.
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    The removal performance of organic pollutants and CODMn over titanium dioxide/ activated carbon (TiO2/AC) composites prepared by the sol-gel method in an adsorption-LED UV photocatalytic coupling reactor was investigated in this study. Their physiochemical properties were characterized. The effects of hydraulic retention time, UV light intensity, and the chemical structure of pollutants on the removal efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that the degradation efficiencies of methylene blue (MB), methylene orange (MO), benzoic acid (BA) chloroform, and CODMn removal efficiency of the micro-polluted wastewater were 97%, 75%, 90%, 100%, and 84.3%, respectively under the stable at the hydraulic retention time of 1 h and the LED UV intensity of 1.44 W. After continuous treatment of 30 days, the TiO2/AC composite only lost 1.9% of its active component and there were very few metal ions dissolved. These results indicated that the coupling adsorption and LED ultraviolet photocatalysis via TiO2/AC can effectively remove the organic pollutants from wastewater, implying its possible engineering application in the future.
  • Optimization of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Effect of AAO Process under Different Operation Parameters
    TAN Tao, LIU Yang, ZHU Shijiang
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 94-100.
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    The traditional AAO process has problems such as SRT contradictions, carbon source competition, and return ratio conflicts, which are important reasons restricting the process processing effect. To improve the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the AAO process, an integrated reactor device was designed in this study. The effects of different reflux ratios, reaction zone volume ratios, and two-point inlet water ratios on nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this process were analyzed. The results showed that the changes of reflux ratio and reaction zone volume had little effect on the removal rate of COD and NH4 +-N, but significantly impacted the removal effect of TN and TP. The complete denitrification in the system was more conducive to phosphorus removal. Improving internal reflux and reducing external reflux can improve the process's capacity for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The proportion of hypoxic tank volume has an important impact on removing nitrogen and phosphorus, and controlling the hypoxia HRT>3 h can ensure that the system has a high denitrification effect, while increasing the volume of the aerobic tank is not conducive to the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Using two-point inlet water can improve the denitrification effect of the AAO process. It could deal with unstable water quality and high nitrogen load water quality to a certain extent. The inlet water of the hypoxic pool maintains by 0 to 20%, which can solve the problem of insufficient denitrification carbon source to a certain extent and improve the denitrification effect. Considering the economic benefits and removal effects, the final optimized operating parameters are R within=250%, R outside=50 %, Vanaerobic:Vhypoxia:Vaerobic=1:2:6, and the operating mode is an anaerobic/hypoxic=9:1 two-point water inlet mode, which can improve the nitrogen denitridation by 7.4% and the ability of the system to withstand shock loads.
  • Experimental Study on Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen from Wastewater by Ultra-gravimetric Technology with Compound Denitrification Agent
    LUO Jun, LU Xiuguo, WANG Wei
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 101-104.
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    The working principle and mechanism of the ultra-gravimetric method with compound denitrification agent in treating ammonia-nitrogen wastewater were introduced. The effects of the dosage of denitrification agent, pH, temperature, gas-liquid ratio, motor speed, and initial ammonia nitrogen were studied in the experiment. The initial concentration of wastewater has little effect on the denitrification rate. Under the conditions of pH=13, the temperature is 45 ℃, the gas-liquid ratio is 2 500 L/m3, the denitrification agent is in the dosage of 60 mg/L, the motor speed is 1 400 r/min, the removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen can reach 97.8%. Unlike the traditional stripping method, the ultra-gravimetric technology has significant advantages of stable effects, simple operation, low treatment cost, and high ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency. This technology has great potential for market promotion.
  • Start-up and Stable Operation of Continuous Flow A2N-VMBR Denitrification and Phosphorus Removal Process
    BIAN Xiaozheng, CHENG Peng, Song Boyu, ZHAO Yihao, HUANG Jianping
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 105-111.
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    A continuous flow two-sludge system coupled (A2N) vibrating anoxic MBR denitrification and phosphorus removal (A2N-VMBR) processes were proposed to address the inherent defects of the A2N denitrification and phosphorus removal, such as long process time and high ammonia nitrogen effluent concentration. The pollutant removal characteristics, microbial population changes and the operating characteristics of the anoxic MBR (AxMBR) during the start-up of the A2N-VMBR process were investigated through colony cultivation, process start-up, and process parameter optimization. The results indicated that bacterial flora and process start-up were cultivated after 58 days of continuous operation. After optimized regulation of process parameters, the effluent concentrations of COD, NH4+-N, and PO43--P were 20.02 mg/L, 3.2 mg/L, and 0.46 mg/L, respectively. When the beyond sludge ratio was set at 35%~40%, the return sludge ratio was 60%~70%, the sludge retention time was 15 d, the hydraulic retention time was 16 h, and the sludge concentration of AxMBR was 6 000~6 500 mg/L. The corresponding removal rates were 20.02 mg/L, 3.2 mg/L, and 0.46 mg/L. The average contamination cycle of AxMBR was 79 days, which had good contamination tolerance. The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing indicated that Dechloromonas, Thauera, and Zoogloea were the main denitrifying phosphorus removal. In summary, the A2N-VMBR system has the characteristics of high-efficiency denitrification, phosphorus removal, and continuous stable operation, and this paper provides a reference for the engineering application of A2N-VMBR.
  • Effect of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether on Biological Treatment of Low Carbon Nitrogen Wastewater
    GUO Huan, ZHAO Yueqin, XU Pingping
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 112-117.
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    To study the role of new pollutants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in wastewater biological treatment process. A sequencing batch reactor was constructed, and the influence of PBDEs on the removal of pollutants, nutrients and sludge characteristics in the SBR process with the low C/N wastewater was investigated by changing the exposure concentration of influent PBDEs. The change characteristics of dominant communities were used by high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the influence mechanism of PBDEs on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from the perspective of process operation conditions and microbial community characteristics. The results showed that the low-dose PBDEs had no obvious effect on the removal of pollutants and sludge characteristics by SBR. In contrast, the high-dose PBDEs (more than 3.0 mg/L) reduced the removal of pollutants by SBR, and changed the sludge characteristics and microbial community structure. The 9.0 mg/L PBDEs increased the effluent COD to 28.6~35.2 mg/L, corresponding with the removal efficiency decreased to 81.3%~84.9%. The total nitrogen and dissolved phosphate removal efficiency decreased to 61.3%~64.2% and 79.5%~82.3%, and the sludge concentration decreased to 3 512~3 649 mg/L. But the extracellular polymer sludge (EPS) content increased to 91.3~96.5 mg/g. The PBDEs can affect the microbial community structure and activity of the critical enzyme. The high PBDE concentrations reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae to 9.1% and 8.8%. The research results enriched the environmental behavior of new pollutants PBDEs and provided a theoretical basis for the biological treatment of urban low C/N wastewater.
  • Study on Enhancing Biological Denitrification Performance of Municipal Sludge Hydrolysate with Biosurfactants
    XIA Tianhong, LUO Bing, LUO Tao, DONG Guijun, LUO Danxia
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 118-122.
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    In order to enhance the efficiency of biological denitrification, an investigation was carried out to improve the biological denitrification of sludge anaerobic fermentation hydrolysate with biosurfactant alkyl polyglycosides (APG) under medium temperature conditions. The results showed that the optimal dosage of APG was 0.15 g/g, and the maximum yields of volatile fatty acids and soluble COD were 3 415 and 4 289 mg/L, respectively. The fermentation broth as a supplementary carbon source can improve the removal efficiency of COD and TN in the biological denitrification process to 94.2%~96.3% and 94.2%~95.3%, respectively, which was higher than the blank and acetate as a supplementary carbon source group. The fermentation broth can affect the characteristics of biological denitrification sludge, increase the organic matter content in sludge, increase VSS/TSS to 0.69~0.75, and reduce the extracellular polymer (EPS) to 58.5~64.2 mg/g. The fermentation broth increased the abundance and diversity of microorganisms in activated sludge, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Chlorofloxi, and Bacteroidetes related to biological denitrification increased to 31.2%, 24.3%, and 18.5%, respectively. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of sludge and the enhancement of biological nitrogen removal.
  • The Application for Boron-Removing Resin in the Reuse Treatment of Fracturing Flowback Fluid
    ZHANG Shuxia, WANG Zhenhua, GUO Jintao, QIN Fangling, HE Huanjie, LÜ Ningchao
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 123-127.
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    Fracturing flowback fluid of the wastewater from oil and gas fields contains abundant boron ions. Boron ions limit the reuse of the treated water. In this paper, the dynamic resin boron removal experiment was carried out, and the treating process flow of the coagulation-sedimentation-filter-adsorption was designed. A set of 3 m3/h pilot plant and a set of 25 m3/h field treatment devices were integrated, and field tests were carried out. The results showed that 1) the best condition for removing boron by resin are as follows: pH of water is 7~8, and the flow rate of the treated water mustn't be greater than 8mL/min when the diameter-to-height ratio of the adsorption column is 1:10; 2) After the adsorption treatment of the flowback fluid, the boron content reduced from 11.35 to 1.22 mg/L, and the removal rate can reach 89.3%, which meets the technical requirements of Fracturing Flowback FluidWater Quality Requirements of the Recycling for Fracturing Fluid DB 61/T 1248-2019; 3) The adsorbed water can be used for the preparation of slick water and guar gum fracturing fluids, and its performance can meet the technical requirements of Slick water System for Fracturing DB.61/T 575-2013 and General Technical Specifications of Fracturing Fluids SY/T 6376-2008.
  • Pilot Scale Study on High-power Concentration of Wet DesulfurizationWastewater from Power Plant
    ZHANG Quan, GAO Ran, YANG Fang, ZHAO Jianfeng, XU Wenjun, WU Laigui
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 128-132.
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    This paper presents a comprehensive description of the process flow, parameters, etc. for concentrating wet desulfurization wastewater from coal-fired power plants using a combined microfiltration-nanofiltration-high-pressure reverse osmosis-ultra-high pressure reverse osmosis process.The concentration performance and contaminant retention of each membrane stage were investigated in continuous operation. The results show that the membrane combination process can effectively retain dissolved pollutants in the water, and the produced water quality is stable to meet the requirements of power plant reuse water.The chloride ions and other salts in the desulfurization wastewater are concentrated by 3.5 times, which reduces the amount of water entering the subsequent evaporation process by more than 60% and effectively separates the divalent and monovalent salts in the water to obtain concentrated brine containing high purity NaCl.The total dissolved solids (TDS) of the concentrate reached over 100 000 mg/L, replacing the evaporation concentration process to achieve high concentration of desulfurization wastewater.
  • Research and Industrial Test on Treatment of Heavy Metal Wastewater in Catalyst Production Process
    QI Shengdong, CONG Wenjie, SHANG Chengcheng, SUN Xiaoxue, ZHU Zhiyan, WANG Deju
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 133-136.
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    In response to the demand for advanced treatment of heavy metal wastewater generated by the catalyst production process of a company in Shanghai, an industrial application test of wastewater treatment was carried out using chemical reduction-step precipitation treatment technology. The results showed that the complexation between nickel ions and NH3·H2O in heavy metal wastewater containing NH4+ could be effectively eliminated by controlling the pH or increasing the amount of precipitating agent. The heavy metal wastewater with CO32- was treated by adding acid to remove CO32-, and the wastewater reached the discharge standard after chemical reduction-step precipitation treatment. Mixing treatment of heavy metal wastewater with different pH and using quicklime to adjust the pH of wastewater can improve the filter press's efficiency and reduce the wastewater treatment cost. The operating cost is 30 yuan per ton of wastewater. The industrial test results showed that the Ni mass concentration in the treated effluent was less than 0.1 mg/L, the total Cr was less than 0.15 mg/L, the pH was stable at 7~9, and the quality of the wastewater meets the requirements of the first-class standard for the maximum allowable discharge of pollutants in the Shanghai local standard DB 31/199-2018, realizing the advanced treatment of heavy metal wastewater.
  • UV/Persulfate Assist Electrochemical Oxidation Coupling Process to Effectively Treat Pickle Wastewater
    ZHENG Zien, XIONG Xin, ZHOU Zhigang, CHEN Peng, WU Shihao, ZOU Jianping
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 137-142.
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    Highly saline organic wastewater is generated from many industries, and its large amounts of salts and toxic and harmful organic substances can cause many environmental problems. As a highly saline organic wastewater, the pickle wastewater had high salinity, high organic matter, high nitrogen and phosphorus, and high suspended solids (SS). Due to the quality characteristics of pickle wastewater, it is challenging to remove ammonia nitrogen and COD by traditional technology. In this study, a UV/persulfate (PMS) -assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation coupled process (EO/UV/PMS) was proposed to realize the efficient treatment of pickle wastewater. Under the optimal conditions (30 mA/cm2, 2 g/L PMS, and pH=5.5), the removal of NH3-N and COD could reach 100% and 71.5%. The study showed that the active chlorine and chlorine radicals played an important role in the removal of NH3-N and COD during the treatment of pickle wastewater by the EO/UV/PMS coupling process. This study provides a reliable theoretical basis for the treatment of pickle wastewater and also provides a solution for the treatment of high-salt wastewater associated with the emerging new energy industry.
  • Application Analysis of Integrated AO+ Packing in the Treatment of Domestic Sewage in Villages and Towns
    CAO Yiming, HU Xiaoguang, ZHONG Wenhui, TANG Quanchang
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 143-145.
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    Aiming at the characteristics of small water volume and large fluctuations of water volume in time distribution of the wastewater treatment plant in Malu Town, Dongxing City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and the advantages of the integrated facility with a small footprint, low construction cost and good treatment effect were considered. The application of A/O + filler process in the wastewater treatment plant was studied, and its process operation from January to December 2021 was analyzed. The operation results showed that the integrated facility has a stable COD removal rate of more than 80%, up to 90%; the ammonia nitrogen removal rate of more than 85%, up to 96%, and the cost of wastewater treatment (excluding labor costs) is RMB 0.54 yuan/m3.
  • Example Study of Upgrading Wastewater Pretreatmen Facilities to Receive and Treat Chemical Wastewater
    CAO Qiang, WANG Xuting, LI Xiaofeng
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 146-149.
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    Based on the experience of denitrification upgrading and transformation of copper-containing wastewater pretreatment facilities, the chemical wastewater was connected to copper-containing pretreatment facilities, and the change adopts the treatment process of "hydrolysis acidification + A/O +PACT + coagulation sedimentation", which significantly improved the COD removal capacity and effectively utilized the surplus capacity of regional wastewater treatment facilities while ensuring that the removal effect of other indicators is not affected. The actual operating results of the project meet the relevant requirements of Jiangsu Province for chemical wastewater discharge. It can provide a reference for regions with similar situations.
  • Upgrade Design of Sewage Treatment Plant of A Chemical Park in Jiangsu Province
    HAO Kehui, LI Gang, ZHANG Yanyun
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 150-152.
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    In response to the requirements of upgrading and reconstruction proposed by the Soviet political office, the upgrading and reconstruction design of a sewage treatment plant in the chemical park in Jiangsu was carried out. The renovation idea is to add a new ozone pretreatment unit to treat pesticide class enterprise drainage, scientifically and reasonably combine the existing buildings and structures in Phase I and Phase II, renovate/leverage the old pretreatment unit, biochemical treatment unit and depth treatment unit, and add an activated carbon adsorption depth treatment unit to ensure that the effluent indicators meet the discharge standards. After more than one year of operation, the inlet water quality of the sewage treatment plant meets the design inlet water quality requirements, and the outlet water quality continuously and stably meets the first level criteria specified in the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002). This process continuously improved the water environment of the river channel and relevant sea areas in the park, reduced the burden of enterprise sewage treatment, and enhanced the attraction of attracting investment in the park. It not only improves the quality of life of nearby residents but also provides a reference for transforming sewage treatment plants in similar chemical parks.
  • Upgrading and Renovating the Design of the Sewage Treatment Plant in North China
    REN Liyan, GAO Jinhua
    Technology of Water Treatment. 2023, 49(6): 153-156.
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    An urban sewage treatment plant as an example, the project overview and design content of upgrading and renovating the sewage treatment plant were introduced. The main process of upgrading and renovating the sewage treatment plant was the A/O process and suspended filler. And this renovation does not increase the volume of the biological reactor on the premise of redividing the anoxic aerobic section, renovating the aeration and reflux systems, replacing the filler and adding a carbon source feeding system and sodium hypochlorite disinfection facilities to make the effluent quality basically meet the design requirements. The renovation project can provide a reference for the design of upgrading wastewater treatment plants.
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Editor in Chief：Wang Qi
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